Dunbar: Mask, Sympathy & Douglass — English 11: American Voices, Identity & Public Memory

Reading library

Dunbar: Mask, Sympathy & Douglass

Paul Laurence Dunbar · source: The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar

Three complete poems with form, voice, context, and comparison tasks.

Read each speaker as a constructed poetic voice. Relate imagery and social conditions using evidence; do not assume one voice represents all experiences. The source collection includes historically situated dialect and stereotypes outside these assigned selections.

1

WE WEAR THE MASK We wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,-- This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And mouth with myriad subtleties. Why should the world be over-wise, In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask. We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vile Beneath our feet, and long the mile; But let the world dream otherwise, We wear the mask!

2

SYMPATHY I know what the caged bird feels, alas! When the sun is bright on the upland slopes; When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass, And the river flows like a stream of glass; When the first bird sings and the first bud opes, And the faint perfume from its chalice steals-- I know what the caged bird feels! I know why the caged bird beats his wing Till its blood is red on the cruel bars; For he must fly back to his perch and cling When he fain would be on the bough a-swing; And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars And they pulse again with a keener sting-- I know why he beats his wing! I know why the caged bird sings, ah me, When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,-- When he beats his bars and he would be free; It is not a carol of joy or glee, But a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core, But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings-- I know why the caged bird sings!

3

DOUGLASS Ah, Douglass, we have fall'n on evil days, Such days as thou, not even thou didst know, When thee, the eyes of that harsh long ago Saw, salient, at the cross of devious ways, And all the country heard thee with amaze. Not ended then, the passionate ebb and flow, The awful tide that battled to and fro; We ride amid a tempest of dispraise. Now, when the waves of swift dissension swarm, And Honor, the strong pilot, lieth stark, Oh, for thy voice high-sounding o'er the storm, For thy strong arm to guide the shivering bark, The blast-defying power of thy form, To give us comfort through the lonely dark.

Public-domain source anthology retained locally with credits and license at /app/assets/readings/pg 18338.txt. Text reproduced from that edition.

Poetry questions

Question 1

Compare what the refrain does in We Wear the Mask and Sympathy.

A starting hint

Summarize the assigned section first, then select two details and explain how they support or complicate the claim.

Worked solution and marking guidance

The mask refrain reiterates controlled outward presentation; the bird refrain develops from feeling and injury toward the meaning of singing. Analyze the change and keep the speakers and metaphors distinct.

  • Accurate account and precise location references.
  • Relevant evidence with reasoning.
  • A supported qualification or alternative.

Question 2

Analyze the shift from remembered Douglass to the present need in Douglass.

A starting hint

Summarize the assigned section first, then select two details and explain how they support or complicate the claim.

Worked solution and marking guidance

The poem invokes a lost public voice against continuing struggle. Explain the address, historical relation, and imagery rather than reading the poem as biographical testimony by Frederick Douglass.

  • Accurate account and precise location references.
  • Relevant evidence with reasoning.
  • A supported qualification or alternative.

Question 3

Compare Archive with one Dunbar poem on recognition or constrained voice.

A starting hint

Summarize the assigned section first, then select two details and explain how they support or complicate the claim.

Worked solution and marking guidance

Archive turns a supplied name into an opening for more history; a Dunbar poem can emphasize performed concealment or constrained expression. Support a difference in form, speaker, and stakes.

  • Accurate account and precise location references.
  • Relevant evidence with reasoning.
  • A supported qualification or alternative.

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