Baseline — Science definition
Defined in 2 courses:
- The reference period or value used for comparison. (Earth & Space Science)
- The defined starting condition for comparison. (Physics & Environmental Science)
Where it is taught
- Climate Evidence, Trends & Projections — Oceans, Carbon & Climate, Earth & Space Science, Grade 9
- Environmental Design & Evidence-Based Capstone — Conservation, Systems & Environmental Design, Physics & Environmental Science, Grade 12
In use
A location with a +1°C anomaly is one degree warmer than its baseline for the same measure and period.
Climate Evidence, Trends & Projections
Define the baseline, required service, constraints, and a measurable success criterion.
Environmental Design & Evidence-Based Capstone
Questions using baseline
Problem 1
Answer and explanation
0.4 °C
12.4 − 12.0 = 0.4.
Problem 2
Answer and explanation
+2°C relative to A and +1°C relative to B; the actual temperature is unchanged.
Subtract each reference from the measurement.
14−12=+2°C; 14−13=+1°C.
Response criteria
- Use the stated conditions.
- Show the evidence or calculation.
- Explain the conclusion and any stated limitation.
Problem 3
Answer and explanation
The observed anomaly is +0.6 °C. The projection must specify the same variable, region, baseline and averaging interval, plus its scenario/assumptions. An observation and a conditional future model remain different kinds of evidence.
Subtract 16.4−15.8 = +0.6 °C.
Check matching baseline, coverage and time definition.
Identify projection assumptions and distinguish modeled future values from observations.
Response criteria
- Use the stated measurements or conditions, with correct units.
- Connect the result to the physical mechanism or evidence relationship.
- Identify the assumption, model limit or further evidence requested.
Problem 4
Answer and explanation
0.8 °C
18.1 − 17.3 = 0.8.