Geography & the Tools of History — Chapter Practice, Grade 6
Pick up the geographer's and historian's toolkit: the Five Themes of Geography and how to read a map, how to tell a primary source from a secondary one, how to sort events in time and untangle cause from effect, and how the land itself shapes the way people live.
Problem 1
Answer and explanation
No. The map’s categories differ; compare an appropriate climate layer.
No. The map’s categories differ; compare an appropriate climate layer.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 2
Answer and explanation
A location north of the equator and east of the prime meridian, not a distance in kilometers.
A location north of the equator and east of the prime meridian, not a distance in kilometers.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 3
Answer and explanation
120 km along the measured represented path, within the map’s scale limits.
120 km along the measured represented path, within the map’s scale limits.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 4
Answer and explanation
No. Its generalization omits local detail; a suitable local map is needed.
No. Its generalization omits local detail; a suitable local map is needed.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 5
Answer and explanation
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits.
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 6
Answer and explanation
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 7
Answer and explanation
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 8
Answer and explanation
A location north of the equator and east of the prime meridian, not a distance in kilometers. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
A location north of the equator and east of the prime meridian, not a distance in kilometers. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 9
Answer and explanation
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Its generalization omits local detail; a suitable local map is needed.
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Its generalization omits local detail; a suitable local map is needed.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 10
Answer and explanation
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Endpoint separation=140 km east from B to A; marked route=160 km. Travel time needs mode, conditions and actual route information; the flat map has scale/projection limits. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 11
Answer and explanation
Yes. It directly records that recollection, while elapsed time limits what it establishes about the earlier event.
Yes. It directly records that recollection, while elapsed time limits what it establishes about the earlier event.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 12
Answer and explanation
A secure verbal statement of its owner’s name, laws or beliefs without a justified decipherment.
A secure verbal statement of its owner’s name, laws or beliefs without a justified decipherment.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 13
Answer and explanation
That the ruler or administration promoted that image, rather than that every claimed achievement occurred as described.
That the ruler or administration promoted that image, rather than that every claimed achievement occurred as described.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 14
Answer and explanation
No. Trace their shared source and seek genuinely additional evidence.
No. Trace their shared source and seek genuinely additional evidence.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 15
Answer and explanation
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed.
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 16
Answer and explanation
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 17
Answer and explanation
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 18
Answer and explanation
A secure verbal statement of its owner’s name, laws or beliefs without a justified decipherment. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
A secure verbal statement of its owner’s name, laws or beliefs without a justified decipherment. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 19
Answer and explanation
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Trace their shared source and seek genuinely additional evidence.
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Trace their shared source and seek genuinely additional evidence.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 20
Answer and explanation
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
The object supports claims about carving and surviving marks. The museum description is a modern scholarly account. The blog’s precise political conclusion is unsupported by an unread inscription; settlement and other evidence would be needed. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 21
Answer and explanation
500 BCE is earlier because BCE numbers decrease toward 1 BCE.
500 BCE is earlier because BCE numbers decrease toward 1 BCE.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 22
Answer and explanation
Six years for corresponding dates:3+4−1.
Six years for corresponding dates:3+4−1.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 23
Answer and explanation
No. Conflict, economic pressures or policy can also contribute; evidence must test their roles.
No. Conflict, economic pressures or policy can also contribute; evidence must test their roles.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 24
Answer and explanation
No. That date concerns a specific western Roman political event, not a synchronized global turning point.
No. That date concerns a specific western Roman political event, not a synchronized global turning point.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 25
Answer and explanation
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause.
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 26
Answer and explanation
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 27
Answer and explanation
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 28
Answer and explanation
Six years for corresponding dates:3+4−1. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Six years for corresponding dates:3+4−1. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 29
Answer and explanation
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. That date concerns a specific western Roman political event, not a synchronized global turning point.
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. That date concerns a specific western Roman political event, not a synchronized global turning point.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 30
Answer and explanation
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
The interval is 24 years for matching dates. The sequence is consistent with a flood-damage explanation, but repair records, damage evidence and alternative maintenance needs are required to establish the cause. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 31
Answer and explanation
No. Compare institutions, labor and historical choices as well as the environment.
No. Compare institutions, labor and historical choices as well as the environment.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 32
Answer and explanation
People must coordinate channels, upkeep, timing and competing water claims.
People must coordinate channels, upkeep, timing and competing water claims.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 33
Answer and explanation
Yes. Water allocation, location and maintenance decisions can distribute benefits unequally.
Yes. Water allocation, location and maintenance decisions can distribute benefits unequally.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 34
Answer and explanation
No. Different environments and histories support many forms of complexity.
No. Different environments and histories support many forms of complexity.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 35
Answer and explanation
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone.
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 36
Answer and explanation
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 37
Answer and explanation
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 38
Answer and explanation
People must coordinate channels, upkeep, timing and competing water claims. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
People must coordinate channels, upkeep, timing and competing water claims. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 39
Answer and explanation
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Different environments and histories support many forms of complexity.
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Different environments and histories support many forms of complexity.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 40
Answer and explanation
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
The river creates a shared condition, but labor arrangements, land access and choices differ. Compare canal maintenance records, settlement patterns and environmental evidence rather than predicting government from location alone. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 41
Answer and explanation
Yes. The answer depends on the selected characteristics and purpose.
Yes. The answer depends on the selected characteristics and purpose.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 42
Answer and explanation
Yes. Total population also depends on area.
Yes. Total population also depends on area.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 43
Answer and explanation
No. Local distributions and conditions vary.
No. Local distributions and conditions vary.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 44
Answer and explanation
No. Use dated evidence and label the difference.
No. Use dated evidence and label the difference.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 45
Answer and explanation
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation.
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 46
Answer and explanation
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. The label must identify its evidence and avoid turning a model into an authentic artifact.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 47
Answer and explanation
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. Limit the conclusion to the named evidence; compare a different dated setting using the same categories before widening it.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 48
Answer and explanation
Yes. Total population also depends on area. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Yes. Total population also depends on area. A useful new source addresses the missing information directly. Explain its provenance, access or scale; do not assume a second source answers every question.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 49
Answer and explanation
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Use dated evidence and label the difference.
Use two specifically located details from the chapter reader and distinguish period, source purpose and scale. No. Use dated evidence and label the difference.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.
Problem 50
Answer and explanation
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
A:200 people/km²; B:100. B has the larger total but A the higher density. The numbers are hypothetical national averages and hide local variation. The revision note must quote or reproduce the changed claim and explain its improved accuracy.
Response criteria
- Answer the actual question with accurate details.
- Explain how the evidence or language choice supports the conclusion.
- State a relevant limit, alternative or justified revision.