Interacting Body Systems — Practice · Grade 10 Science

Chapter: Body Systems, Signals & Homeostasis

What this practice covers

By the end of Interacting Body Systems you should be able to:

8 questions, multiple choice and written answer, each with a worked explanation.

Vocabulary used: tissue, organ, gas exchange.

Problem 1

Which process happens in lung exchange surfaces?
  1. Gas moves between air and blood
  2. Food is chewed
  3. All ATP is made
  4. DNA is replicated for every tissue
Answer and explanation

Gas moves between air and blood

Thin barriers permit gas exchange.

Problem 2

How can impaired circulation affect cells even if ventilation is normal?
Answer and explanation

Less oxygen and nutrient delivery or slower waste removal can disrupt cellular processes.

Problem 3

Distinguish breathing from cellular respiration.
Answer and explanation

Breathing moves air; cellular respiration transfers energy through reactions in cells.

Problem 4

Trace oxygen from inhaled air to a leg-muscle cell. Explain the reasoning in your own words.
Answer and explanation

Respiratory exchange and circulatory transport cooperate to supply the muscle.

Oxygen reaches lung exchange surfaces and diffuses into blood.

Circulation carries it to tissue capillaries, where it diffuses toward cells.

Response criteria

  • Use the stated conditions.
  • Show the evidence or calculation.
  • Explain the conclusion and any stated limitation.

Problem 5

Why can dehydration affect more than the urinary system? Show the reasoning, not just the conclusion.
Hints

Air does not flow through blood vessels as a separate stream.

Answer and explanation

Water balance influences blood volume, circulation, temperature regulation and cellular conditions.

Problem 6

A meal supplies nutrients. What connects digestion to muscle cells?
Hints

State what the supplied observations or conditions establish, and separate that from any assumption.

Answer and explanation

Absorption into transport systems and circulation deliver many nutrients; metabolism uses them at tissues.

Problem 7

Different signaling routes coordinate responsesDifferent signaling routes coordinate responsesNeural signalingHormonal signalingElectrical activity + synaptic signalsCirculating signals + receptorsSpeed, duration and target response depend on the particular pathway.
Original neural/hormonal communication motifs, not measured action potentials or a complete endocrine circuit.
Interpret the supplied visual. Would a hormone in the blood necessarily trigger the same change in every cell?
Answer and explanation

No. Cells differ in receptors, pathways and conditions; some may not respond to that signal.

A neuron uses electrical activity and chemical communication to connect defined targets. A hormone is a signaling molecule carried through body fluids and acting on suitable receptors. Neural responses can be rapid and localized; hormonal routes can distribute a signal more broadly, but neither timing rule is absolute. Response depends on receptors, internal pathways and the current state of the target. Coordinated exercise or feeding responses use both kinds of control rather than one universal “brain command” or a hormone affecting every cell identically.

No. Cells differ in receptors, pathways and conditions; some may not respond to that signal.

Response criteria

  • Read the structures, axes, directions and units correctly.
  • Connect the evidence with the biological mechanism.
  • Respect stated model assumptions and distinguish an observation from a further inference.

Problem 8

A record shows increased breathing and pulse during activity, followed by different recovery times. Explain two system links and why one trace cannot identify a unique cause.
Answer and explanation

Respiratory exchange and circulation support changing tissue demand; neural/hormonal regulation can coordinate responses. Different variables have different dynamics, and intensity, conditions and other mechanisms require comparisons before naming one cause.

Respiratory exchange and circulation support changing tissue demand; neural/hormonal regulation can coordinate responses. Different variables have different dynamics, and intensity, conditions and other mechanisms require comparisons before naming one cause.

Response criteria

  • Use the stated measurements or conditions, with correct units.
  • Connect the result to the biological mechanism or evidence relationship.
  • Identify the assumption, model limit or further evidence requested.

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