The World Around 1750 & Atlantic Revolutions — Chapter review · Global History & Geography II: c. 1750 to the Early 21st Century, Grade 10
Five focused units, followed by an evidence workshop, chapter review, and chapter quiz.
Review the key ideas
The World Around 1750: States, Trade & Labor
Long-distance exchange connected silver, textiles, food, manufactured goods, and people. Most production still depended heavily on land, skilled labor, and household work. Atlantic slavery and other coercive labor arrangements shaped wealth and power. Industrialization and later nationalism developed within this connected world; they were not an inevitable future shared by every society.
Enlightenment: Reason, Rights & Political Debate
Locke discussed government by consent and protected rights, Montesquieu considered institutional limits on power, and Rousseau examined political association and sovereignty. These writers disagreed, and later readers adapted their arguments. Universal-sounding rights language coexisted with slavery, colonialism, and exclusions based on sex and status.
American Revolution: Independence, Institutions & Limits
The revolution produced a new state but did not create equal access for all inhabitants. Enslaved people, Indigenous nations, women, loyalists, and free Black communities faced different choices and consequences. French assistance and a wider international war mattered to the outcome. Later revolutions drew on American precedents while following their own histories.
French Revolution & Napoleon: Rights, Conflict & Rule
Napoleon seized power in 1799 and became emperor in 1804. His rule reorganized administration and law while restricting political opposition and conducting expansive wars. Revolutionary principles and authoritarian practices could coexist. French events also affected colonies, but enslaved people’s actions and local conditions shaped outcomes there.
Haitian Revolution: Emancipation, War & Independence
Toussaint Louverture became an important leader, but the revolution cannot be reduced to one biography. French abolition in 1794, Napoleon’s expedition in 1802, renewed resistance, and independence under Jean-Jacques Dessalines in 1804 belong to a changing sequence. Louverture died in captivity before independence. Haiti’s sovereignty challenged an Atlantic order based on slavery and colonial rule.
Problem 1
Answer and explanation
The figures show a distribution within this scenario. They do not establish profit after every cost, pay per worker, or purchasing power. A historical judgment needs dated records of employment, obligations, household costs, and the institutions enforcing the arrangement.
Identify the allocation of receipts.
Distinguish receipts from profit and individual pay.
Request worker numbers, hours, prices, and legal status.
Response criteria
- Describe the historical context and institutions accurately.
- Connect relevant evidence to an explained conclusion.
- Represent particular perspectives without stereotypes or invented testimony.
- Identify an evidentiary limitation or a distinction that qualifies the claim.
Problem 2
Answer and explanation
To assess authority, identify who collected revenue, judged disputes, controlled land, and supplied troops in a particular region. Formal boundaries alone do not establish identical institutions or practical control across a large territory.
Problem 3
Answer and explanation
The ideal invites a question about whose consent counts, while the rule defines a narrower political group. The summaries establish a tension in the scenario; records of eligibility and participation would test how it operated. They do not establish every writer’s intentions or every resident’s response.
State the pamphlet’s principle.
Identify the rule’s eligibility limits.
Examine registration and decisions under the rule.
Response criteria
- Describe the historical context and institutions accurately.
- Connect relevant evidence to an explained conclusion.
- Represent particular perspectives without stereotypes or invented testimony.
- Identify an evidentiary limitation or a distinction that qualifies the claim.
Problem 4
Answer and explanation
Separate the argument’s principle from its implementation. A claim that government rests on consent raises questions about who counts as a participant, how consent is expressed, and what happens when authorities violate rights.
Problem 5
Answer and explanation
A person denied freedom could seek a practical path to emancipation through an available offer. National independence did not automatically change that status. To assess the decision, examine the person’s circumstances, eligibility, and whether the promise was honored, rather than assigning one motive to every participant.
Distinguish national independence from individual status.
Identify choices under coercive conditions.
Request the offer’s terms and evidence of actual outcomes.
Response criteria
- Describe the historical context and institutions accurately.
- Connect relevant evidence to an explained conclusion.
- Represent particular perspectives without stereotypes or invented testimony.
- Identify an evidentiary limitation or a distinction that qualifies the claim.
Problem 6
Answer and explanation
A declaration, military victory, and diplomatic recognition perform different functions. Explain their chronology and relationship rather than treating one famous document as the entire revolution. Distinguish long-term grievances from the decision to separate.
Problem 7
Answer and explanation
Legal uniformity concerns consistency across jurisdictions, while equal rights concern treatment and authority within the rules. A code can improve the first while limiting the second. Compare its actual provisions and enforcement rather than assuming every reform enlarged every person’s freedom.
Identify the claimed principle.
Distinguish uniform rules from equal rights within them.
Ask how the provisions were enforced.
Response criteria
- Describe the historical context and institutions accurately.
- Connect relevant evidence to an explained conclusion.
- Represent particular perspectives without stereotypes or invented testimony.
- Identify an evidentiary limitation or a distinction that qualifies the claim.
Problem 8
Answer and explanation
Connect debt to institutions: a government seeking revenue faces constraints when privileges and representation limit reform. Hunger and public mobilization added pressure. The crisis cannot be reduced to a ruler’s personality or one abstract idea.
Problem 9
Answer and explanation
A state can declare independence before another power recognizes it. A payment demand can redirect revenue, require borrowing, and constrain spending. The sequence identifies a mechanism but does not quantify every later outcome; dated agreements, accounts, and competing pressures are needed.
Locate 1804 and 1825 in order.
Distinguish asserted sovereignty from another state’s recognition.
Explain debt and revenue constraints without inventing precise effects.
Response criteria
- Describe the historical context and institutions accurately.
- Connect relevant evidence to an explained conclusion.
- Represent particular perspectives without stereotypes or invented testimony.
- Identify an evidentiary limitation or a distinction that qualifies the claim.
Problem 10
Answer and explanation
Describe the legal status and institutions that enforced labor. Economic output cannot justify coercion or stand in for workers’ experiences. Enslaved people pursued their own aims, which were not simply copies of European political programs.