Semicolon — English definition

Defined in 2 courses:

Where it is taught

In use

A few punctuation marks give writing a level of polish that commas alone cannot, and the semicolon is the first.

Semicolons, Colons & Parallel Structure

The semicolon joins two independent clauses — two complete sentences — that are so closely related they feel like halves of one thought: 'The lights went out; no one moved.

Conventions of Standard English

The semicolon joins two independent clauses that belong together without a conjunction ('The experiment failed; the failure was the most useful result we got'), and it also untangles list items that already contain commas.

Conventions for College Writing

Questions using semicolon

Problem 1

Which sentence uses a semicolon correctly?
  1. I like pizza; and pasta.
  2. The storm passed; the sky cleared quickly.
  3. She grabbed her coat; keys, and phone.
  4. He was tired; because of the long day.
Answer and explanation

The storm passed; the sky cleared quickly.

Both sides of the semicolon are complete independent clauses closely related in meaning, which is the correct use of a semicolon.

Problem 2

Explain the main difference between when to use a semicolon and when to use a colon.
Answer and explanation

A semicolon joins two complete, closely related sentences (independent clauses) with no conjunction, while a colon follows one complete sentence and introduces a list, explanation, or quotation that doesn't need to be a full sentence.

Problem 3

Which sentence correctly combines a semicolon with a conjunctive adverb?
  1. The bridge was closed, however, traffic still moved smoothly.
  2. The bridge was closed; however, traffic still moved smoothly.
  3. The bridge was closed: however traffic still moved smoothly.
  4. The bridge was closed however; traffic still moved smoothly.
Answer and explanation

The bridge was closed; however, traffic still moved smoothly.

The correct pattern is: independent clause, then semicolon, then conjunctive adverb, then comma, then independent clause.

Problem 4

A learner writes: “A semicolon is a stronger comma, so it can go anywhere.” Explain the problem and produce a better response.
Answer and explanation

Both sides of a joining semicolon normally need independent clauses. Use a colon for an introduced list after a complete clause.

Use the criteria to compare your reasoning, not to copy the model’s wording. A supported alternative interpretation may earn full credit.

Response criteria

  • Make an accurate, focused claim or revision.
  • Use a relevant detail or a clearly explained language choice.
  • Explain the relationship and recognize a relevant limit.

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